Hey, If you want to implement an effect like Sample and Hold I would suggest browsing some DSP books or even reading some threads on reddit like the one here: Reddit - The heart of the internet
The following youtube video also explains it quite well: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ReCEy7vyz0
But incase you would rather a simple text explanation of all this, to summarise
Sample and Hold can be implemented on a signal (some audio wave) in a couple different ways, each sounding similar but technically different.
A basic implementation would be to take your signal, then periodically see what the current sample’s value is, and just use it instead of the input data for a period of time, then look at the input again after that period ends and pick a new audio sample to hold.
This is somewhat visible in ibisum’s (Grok’s) response, where they have a clock that oscillates at 1hz, then every time the square wave goes up or down, they pick a new sample to hold for another cycle.
The output for this ends up looking like a quantized audio wave if you have ever seen one (see the blue wave in the attached image). It sounds cool, has some nice harmonics and sounds pretty retro!
See the steps that show up in the image above? that’s what it looks like to pick a sample and hold it for a period. the top left always intersects with the (red) input audio.
Hopefully this helped you understand what sample and hold is and how you can implement it, but also understand it.