I believe that fixing this is one of the big things planned for JUCE 8, though that still might be a while away.
This thread is a collection of all the times it has been discussed previously, and it also offers a few solutions:
If you draw fonts with AttributedString on macOS or Windows, it should allow font fallback.
If you want a solution where it will also work on Linux, and it will also work with default JUCE components without modifications, you might want to check out the solution I propose here, in the last post: Unicode text rendering & editing in 2022 - #25 by timothyschoen.
If you create a font that contains all unicode characters in it, you can reliably draw non-latin text anywhere you want, at the cost of more memory usage and slightly worse startup time.