I don’t think what you linked will do what you want. I think that’s XLR out only.
The easiest option would be get a USB Audio interface with XLR inputs. Something like this: https://www.roland.com/ca/products/duo-capture_ex/
If you want about you can get something like this. It’s not XLR, but it’s still balanced inputs, so you can run XLR to 1/4 inch cables: http://www.audioinjector.net/rpi-ultra
The other option is https://www.hifiberry.com/shop/boards/hifiberry-dac-adc/
It’s 1/8 inch stereo in. You could connect with something like this: https://www.amazon.com/TISINO-Stereo-Breakout-Double-Cords/dp/B07K58L9MW
You’d lose the benefit of balanced audio signal. But line level, short run, balanced isn’t really required.
Anyway, I’d be interested in hearing a bit more about what you are trying to do. If you don’t want to say publicly, you can email me directly at roland@tracktion.com
Roland