Okay, after investigating a bit it seems that less bytes are received then the blob size are received. Seems related to this topic OSC blobs are lost above certain size.
Just downloaded the test tool posted there by @harryg and found out that the limit on my machine is 4076 bytes.
I’m not 100% sure on which side this error occurs, as WireShark shows UDP packets with the expected size, so to me (with very limited deep networking knowledge) it seems like the OS can handle those packets and the error occurs when processing the packets on the receiver side? However it seems as if I had to split up my data into sub-packets for safe transport for now as my application should run safe on every system anyway.