After giving up on the Visual Studio 2008 profiler under both Windows 7 64-bit (which is known not to work) and Windows 7 32-bit (which apparently doesn’t work), I was able after a few hours of work to get everything compiled and running using the Intel C++ compiler and profiled with VTune Amplifier.
Just as I suspected months ago, filling of vertical gradients and solid color paths is dominating my runtime:
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