Hi ! In the AudioPluginHost provided by JUCE, we can specify additional folders paths to scan VST or VST3 but, not for the Audio Unit plugins. Even in the AudioUnitFormat::searchPathsForPlugins method, the FileSearchPath argument is ignored.
You can only install AUs in /Library/Audio/Plug-ins/Components or ~/Library/Audio/Plug-ins/Components - JUCE’s plugin scanning code will scan both of these paths using some OS methods like AudioComponentFindNext (see here) so it doesn’t make sense to be able to add more search paths.