I think it was actually something with Ableton, since when I restarted my computer the plugin showed up in a folder with my company name.
Something really strange was happening where even after I deleted all copies (in both Root and Local Directories) of the plugin from my machine to test the install, Ableton would bring up an old version of the Audio Unit (while it would be unable to bring up the VST since the files did not exist). I guess Ableton was temporarily saving a version my AU plugin? Really, really weird. Restart fixed all that.
Anyway, everything seems to be working now within Ableton at least. I am experiencing another issue where the Audio Unit does not show up in Logic, which I have posted about here: AU Plugin Install Working for Ableton but Not Logic Pro X