I thought of implementing a 3D surface plot some time ago, you might want to have a look at that thread:
https://forum.juce.com/t/efficiently-draw-a-3d-plot-from-realtime-data/23666
In the end, I didn’t do it, as learning Open GL was too time-consuming at that moment and other tasks had a higher priority. However, while trying to figure out how to achieve my original task, I first tried to solve it with old-fashioned CPU-driven painting and got some results already looking quite similar to the graphical output shown in your link.
I’m afraid that I didn’t save my sketch code, but just take a piece of paper and think of how to calculate the 2D coordinates of each 3D coordinate for a 45° view like that, it’s really not that hard! If you figure that out, write a simple function that takes the three coordinates and returns a 2D Point object and just see how far you get with just drawing the grid lines with this and plain JUCE drawing calls. When you’ve got that working, placing some coloured circles at desired coordinates over the grid shouldn’t be that hard as well.
So, I really think this should be efficiently possible without Open GL